The Fifth Taste

For thousands of years, taste has been classified into four basic categories: sweet, sour, salty and bitter. Greek philosophers said that foods had various microscopic "shapes" (round for sweet, pointed for salty, etc.) that would allow the tastes to click into the properly-shaped receptors on our tongues, sort of like the games toddlers play when they fit variously shaped pegs into holes.

That theory wasn't so far off. Turns out there are various microscopic receptors on the tongue that react to chemical compounds in food, which we then classify as sweet, sour, salty and bitter.

In the late 1800's a chef named Auguste Escoffier in France, and a Chemist named Kikunae Ikeda in Japan, both came to the conclusion that there was another taste that was really, really good--but couldn't be classified as any of the accepted four tastes. Ikeda named it umami, which can be translated as many different things, among them, meaty, savory, brothy...or yummy!

It wasn't until 2002 that scientists verified a receptor from the chemical L-glutimate on the tongue, which conveys the taste of umami to the brain. The current view on tastebuds is that they sense five distinct flavors, rather than four.

I expect the main taste Saturday night to be that of sweetness. But you never know. Last year an intriguing sea-salt crusted cookie was among the offerings. And Mary's Coffee from Mount Horeb will be catering our favorite bitter beverage: coffee!

Source: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter...and Umami from NPR